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76 lines
3.4 KiB
Markdown
76 lines
3.4 KiB
Markdown
---
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id: de009f15-07b5-4e76-8976-349c949bc148
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title: Economic state of USSR 1942-1943
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---
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# Outline
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- Impossible to calculate as Soviet figures are unreliable at best.
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Relying on convergence of anecdotal evidence
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- Source - Economics of ww2 by Harrison
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- Cats & dogs going missing in Moscow
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- People going to the front because food is so bad at home
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- 62nd/63rd/64th army running out of food
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- Roosevelt tells Molatov in 42 that he'll send less food to start the
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second front in 43 instead of 44. Molatov doesn't want this, he
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prefers food
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- Census is done in 37. Stalin didn't like the results and had the
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people who did the census shot. Next census showed the correct
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numbers
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- In controlled communist economies prices of goods are made up by
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government and are therefore meaningless
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- Soviet Union were in dire economic straits. If Stalingrad was won by
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the Germans they would probably have collapsed
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# Pre war economy
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## Agriculture
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| Country | Working population in agriculture | Output of non agricultural worker |
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|---------|-----------------------------------|-----------------------------------|
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| USSR | 57% | 33% |
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| Germany | 26% | 50% |
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| USA | 17% | 40% |
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| UK | 6% | 59% |
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- Agricultural workers in USSR were female because men were drafted
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for the war or in gulags
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- Amount of rubels spent on the economy dropped from 58.3bn in 1940 to
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31.6bn in 1942
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- Inflation was also rampant which amplified the problems
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- Ukraine & caucuses were taken by Germany. the wheat basket
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- Collectivised farms were terrible for productivity
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- Soviet citizens average daily intake of calories from 1942-1943 is
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estimated to have been 2555 calories. In 1944 this was increased to
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2810 calories. 500 calories less than average german/british
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civilian. Americans ate 1000 more.
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- Dispossed/hungry licked plates of others meals
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- Communist leadership ate well
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- 200-300 grams of sub standard bread
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- Soviets ate half as much food as US citizens on average
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- Zhukov boasted his men lived on 1000 calories / day during the
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battle of Stalingrad
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- between 1940-1942 real output of civilian branches feel from 1/2 to
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2/3
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- By 1942 agricultural output fell to 44% of pre war (1937) level
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according to official Soviet numbers
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- 50m people in USSR employed in agriculture in 1940. By 1942 figure
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dropped to 25m according to official USSR numbers
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- Half the population were covered by official rationing system
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- 80% of the rations were bread
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- After 1942 mortality rates in Siberia decreased because the weakest
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already died off
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# Gulags
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- In gulags rations were decreased dramatically. from 1942-1943 people
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were starving in gulags
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- During war years 5m people were in gulag system. 1m were released to
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the front. Majority left in gulags were ill and infirm. They were
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given light work. Even before the war food wasn't provided in enough
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quantities in 1939
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- camp mortality reached it peak in 1942 when 50k prisoners died every
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month.
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- Over 2m people died in gulags and camps during war years
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- Household consumption by workers decreased by 2 fifths from
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1940-1942
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